Yejina

Sociocultural Learning
====[] Please complete the online evaluation for this class. You must have received a link from the university. Thanks/5/2/12 ====

====Your chapter presentations are due on April 24th and April 26th. Everyone must read all the chapters as listed below because I may quiz you on any day on any chapter! Please use the following guidelines when you present. Please bring a draft of your presentation to my office on the 19th (anytime between 8 a.m. to 12 p.m.) or Wednesday, the 18th (anytime from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m.) (20 points) ====
 * 1) ====Use technology (power point, prezi, and you tube) – List the salient points from the chapter and present the summary. Show part of a you-tube video that is relevant to your chapter (20 points) ====
 * 2) ====Develop about 5 questions to ask your classmates in class. The questions must be from the chapter and it should engage your classmates. I shall collect the responses in class (20 points) ====
 * 3) ====Make copies of the summaries for your classmates to read (20 points) ====
 * 4) ====Discuss the chapter with your classmates by eliciting questions (20 points) ====

April 24th presenters

 * 1) ====Chao Ning - The Maker’s Eye: Revising Your Own Manuscripts (83) ====
 * 2) ====Ma - School versus Education (50) ====
 * 3) ====Shen - Growing up (56) ====
 * 4) ====Xi - Everything isn’t Racial Profiling (95) ====

April 26th presenters

 * 1) ====Yihua - My Father’s Life (113) ====
 * 2) ====Kim D - College Pressures (128) ====
 * 3) ====Kim Y - The story of the good boy (192) ====
 * 4) ====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Jung - What is Intelligence Anyway? (43) ====

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Chapter2. Fabric Thrown over the City
====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The narrator is on the way to Columbia University and she is in taxi. The taxi driver talks a lot. He is saying about the world with some metaphor. The taxi driver never stops talking. He is talking what he saw, what he felt, and what he thinks. He emphasizes the importance of “each day’s preciousness”. ====

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Chapter3. Way to Go
====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The author met the Peace Pilgrim when she was young. Peace Pilgrim used to visit the author’s house as she was a friend of the author’s mother. Peace Pilgrim wanders whole city. She walked back and forth the whole United States before. Anywhere she goes, is her house. She has a mysterious early life. People guess that she was quite rich before. However, she always says, All the possessions that she had was not what she needed. That’s why she has nothing now. She believed in peace, talking and listening to people and ageless. ====

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Chapter4. Shopping for Nothing
====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Grandma Marie used would go shopping but when she came home, there was nothing on her hand. She usually rode a bus rather than a taxi, because she was too shy to take a taxi. She did not want to talk much. The author sometimes went to downtown with her and grandma liked appreciating the talent of window display artists. The author usually went into stores instead of grandma since she often seemed timid to enter the stores. When the author was in tearoom restaurants in the big department store with her grandma, she felt, even though all the lives were not theirs, they could make them theirs in a different way. “If you held something inside your head, it became yours, too. You couldn’t lose it.” This is what shopping for nothing means. ====

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Chapter5. Take Me with You
====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">When the narrator was three, her neighbor boy Roger rode her on his bicycle. They went a lot of sites such as the Harvey Hill, the creepy old houses, the farm and so on. One day, she was in the car with her father and he lost control of the car and they were into someone’s driveway. She got bruised nose and her father felt terrible. The author and her brother made fun of their mom’s friend Irma once, by kicking her seat from the rear while she was driving. In second grade, she had needed to leave school because of stomachache. She took a taxi since her mother did not have driver’s license or a car yet, and after she arriving her home, the driver’s hat fly off his head into the backseat and the author bounced from one side of the seat to the other. Her mother was worried about whiplash but there was not. When she was nine, her mother got a ticket for speeding. When she was twelve, playing second violin in a youth symphony, her mother’s car spun out of control on an icy freeway. ====

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Chapter6. Dangerous Taxis
====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">When the author was young, she took several rides which are drive by her friend. However, there were many accidents so that her parents finally banned her to take others’ ride. Also, there was the time once that she hardly ran away from the strange oil man. Once she hitchhiked in Wisconsin to see her dying grandfather when she was staying at her poor aunt’s house. The author got some advices from dump truck driver not to hitchhike since it is too dangerous. He strongly recommended take a taxi or get a driver’s license to the author and her friend. ====

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Chapter7. Taxi, North from Jerusalem
====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The Arab taxi driver stopped his taxi on the way because the author and her boyfriend were madly kissing at the backseat. It was quite rude to kiss in semipublic places in Jerusalem and that could be spread as every person in Jerusalem is distant cousin. Ten years later, the writer was kissing someone but he was too talkative. She did not want to marry him. They never kiss once and broke up. Later, she has thought of the furious taxi driver more than the person she kissed in the taxi. ====

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Chapter8. What Happens
====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">The author said our hands are something that has always been beneficial for us. Even as children, people used to ask for what you want or symbolize what you knew in class. When people grow old, they use to flag down transportation. Taxis are a great way to get somewhere. They are everywhere in the world with no language barrier. They know to pick up passengers no matter when and where. Sometimes there is a set while other times it requires bargaining ====

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Chapter9.The Thread
====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">She met Dubby in the psychology class. They were partner of rat experiment. They had to keep observing their rat. Once, the writer was sick so she couldn’t keep going to rat. Dubby was busy for practicing with his band. Anyway, Dubby was nice. One day, the writer had to go to vet with her cat, DC. Her parents were at work during the daytime and she had no driver’s license. Dubby gave her ride even though he does not like cat that much. However, a drunk driver crashed to Dubby’s car, GT on their way back. They were not injured, but finally, Her cat, DC died in the day it got a shot. ====

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Chapter10.Dora
====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">There was strange woman in the writer’s car. The writer kept asking who she is but the strange woman said nothing and just stayed in her car. She just said “Dora”. The writer finally took the strange woman to her home. She said nothing. The writer’s mom rode to her car together and they kept traveling. The writer became tired of driving. However, Dora finally smiled in Dora Street. Dora was not her name, she pointed out the street that she lives! Then they drop that woman in front of yellow roof house. It was quite fun experience. ====

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Chapter11.Random Taxis
====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The author was always careful of everything such as information at the hotel lobby, elevator and rules or driver’s information of taxi cab. When she rides a taxi and hear the taxi radios tuned to a certain station, she feels like a shimmering sense of the Wider World. Once, she took a taxi in North Carolina and he was a good listener. Moreover, every word he gives is not just talk, he said the people in North Carolina’s friendliness is trueness. ====

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Chapter12.Greenhouse
====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">The only one her car that she loved is the first car that she had, Mercedes Benz bought from her parents. Her family brought this car from Germany. She had a lot of fun with her car but it finally broke down. It became a greenhouse because of her several wrong choices. ====

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Chapter13.Passport
====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">When the writer went to India, the taxi driver was so irritating. He always tried to overcharge since the writer and her love are foreigner. She also had hard time when she moved to another city by train. The first class seat was so freezing. ====

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">She, however, met nice taxi driver in Paris who gave her love’s lost hat back later.
====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">One of her Mexican friend said that every her family member has robbed by taxi driver. The writer felt a little bit sorry for innocent taxi driver. ====

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Chapter14.The Same Bed
====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">The writer could not sleep whole night. She read the entire guest book. There was many interesting and weird story of some couples. The reason that she could not sleep was maybe because of the story that a couple got spider bites in the same bed she lay. ====

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Chapter15.Monsters
====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">In Glasgo, Scotland, the writer took a taxi from the poet’s house on the way back. The driver was really nice and they talked a lot. They talked about each country’s politics. She was depressed and disappointed about politics in the United States compared to Scotland’s. It was fascinating drive. ====

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Chapter16 Brown
====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">When the writer went to Michigan, she met a young taxi driver. Actually he was not a real taxi driver. He was earning money by giving people a ride. The reason he does that job was for his college and tan studio. He goes to tan studio three times a week. It was weird to the writer, who was from Texas. He said tanning is a part of basic expenditure, not luxury thing. ====

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Chapter17. Rollentina
====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">“Everything is always bits and pieces”. The writer took a taxi many times around many cities and every taxi driver had their own experiences. She heard many of their belongings. They have what they passed, what they experienced. The writer recalled the moment when she took a limousine with two famous Palestinian intellectual. ====

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Chapter18. Test Case
====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Delhi’s traffic was so terrible. Even some roads were closed. It’s common. Finally, the writer and the taxi driver took a new fly-over. It was weird that there was no traffic jam at all in that new road. She asked driver and he said that it’s because that road is new. They were the “Test case” as people do not trust that new road yet as it took really long time to complete. ====

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Chapter19.Mouth of the Rat
====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">The writer had to share the ride in Florida since her driver could not make the appointment. She waited about an hour and old couple arrived. They seem not to like that situation. The writer tried to make moment not awkward but their answers were mostly monosyllables. They said that they live half in New York and half in Florida. After they took out to a car, taxi driver said that they are “spoiled millionaire”. ====

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Chapter20. Sightseeing
====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">The writer met a cat and a man in the downtown, San Antonio. Cat likes looking around. The man and the cat started their own tradition which is sightseeing around many places. They go about four to five places every morning. ====

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Chapter21. Tips
====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">She was waiting for a taxi at the Seattle airport. No taxi was empty. She joined someone’s ride finally. It was much better for that person as the taxi driver kept talking and talking. Most of the writer and the other person’s saying was “Uh-huh” or “Mmmmm”. ====

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Chapter22. Lending Library
====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The taxi driver was waiting for the author in San Jose about three hours because of delayed flight. She was really sorry and told what happened at DFW airport which is the reason she got later than expected. However, he did not want to hear that. He rather wanted to talk about books. They were in common that love Peter Matthiessen. The driver was excited that the author is a friend of Peter. The driver said that Peter’s book, The Snow Leopard hugely affected in his life. He works for a year and goes travel for a year. He’s been many countries so far. The next country was France. He also recommended and sent Turk’s book to her. That was quite interesting and she sent it back immediately with a thank you letter and her list of exploration books. ====

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Chapter23. No Room at the Inn
====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif; font-size: 12pt;">The writer went to Chicago for work. She reserved a hotel but when she got there, she couldn’t stay there. Hotel already gave her room away to other people. The hotel just gave her 35dollars to get a taxi to another hotel. It was irritating. Every hotel was full of people so she had to go far away from the city. Even, the taxi driver lost the way. She was really furious about the hotel even though she met nice people: taxi driver and Jack from Italian restaurant. She asked that hotel and finally, they gave her a pent house. ====

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Chapter24. Bruce
====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The author took a cab from Newark Airport. The driver was a huge fan of Bruce Springsteen as she is. They talked a lot about Bruce. Moreover, the driver took many celebrities in his cab. He told many back-stories of them. He really did not like Tom Cruise and conversation about the government. They had a good time talking about Bruce. ====

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Chapter25. Fun with Grandpa
====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The writer’s only child, her son was visiting his grandparents for weekend. She called her dad and wanted to talk to her son. However, it was not available as the writer’s son was in the back of a truck. She was really worried. Even her dad was driving while he talks to the writer. Finally, her dad stopped his truck and then passed the phone to his grandson. He said he is having a great time with his grandfather. ====

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Chapter26. Free Day in Toronto
====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">There were some emergence patients. One of patients, an older Asian woman did not want to get out of her room even though she was hurt. There was no reason she feel like going out even to the hospital. ==== ====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The writer went to Toronto with her son and she was suffered from severe pain on her arm. She finally went to emergency room. Her son was really worried about her. She got some tests to check and the result was not bad. She has not had a heart attack at all. However, she had to pay a lot as it was “emergence” in foreign country. Anyway her son was really happy that she is okay. ====

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Chapter27. Criminal Handbags
====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The writer took a taxi from La Guardia airport. The driver said that his real job is not a taxi driver. Actually, he was a counterfeit designer of luxury bags. The reason that he was driving taxi is he caught by police. The writer was really confused about that as it was strange to her. She couldn’t understand the people who want those bags and also the driver. She persuaded him not to do that job again but he kept maintain his opinion for counterfeiting job. He just wanted to earn a lot of money that he can be rich and then go back to his country, Egypt. At last, the taxi was arrived similar hotel that the author asked but it was not the right place. She did not want to pay but the driver was quite annoyed because of her and it was not his fault either that they arrived wrong Plaza, not by Central park. That was not a counterfeit somehow. ====

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Chapter28. Too Many Cars
====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The writer’s dad hated the street in Dallas where they have lived, different from her mother. He said it is too crowded, and too wide. One day when her parents were sleeping, something crashed her house. It was like a tornado or an earthquake. Both her mom and dad woke up because of that and found a car. The driver was from Croatia and he was drunk. He invited the writer’s parents after that but they did not go there. The second car-crash to her house was by Mexican man. Her mom and dad did not even know until the police came. The driver was running away and police chased him. Her dad was so irritated to the second crash. When the writer came to her home, there were some CDs which are belong that driver. She wanted to give those to the driver. She found his workplace and gave those without yelling or any lectures. He was so thankful to her. ====

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Chapter29. After All That Walking
====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Peace Pilgrim passed away in a car accident. The driver died too. The author also had a car accident when her baby was three months old. A car behind the writer hit her car. However, the baby was unhurt. They just got some bruises. It was really fortunate that they were not on a highway. ====

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Chapter30. Gifts
====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The writer was planned to have a few poems and talk in evening. There were some Arab Americans too. Before the show, she went to Greenwich Village to have dinner with her friend. She took a taxi and the driver was from Lebanon. It was really a coincidence that the driver knew the poem and poet of that evening’s show. He was quite emotional about that and the writer gave him a free-ticket. He refused to receive taxi fare. ==== ====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The writer had a headache because of shaking plane to Santa Barbara. She met mysterious taxi driver who is called Joe. He was quite weird that he refused to get money from the writer. Even, he kept drive for her every day. At the last day, she was on her way to the airport by Joe’s taxi and she asked him where he’s from. He was from Pakistan, which is her father’s from. He has missed his family so much. The driver and the author cried during their talk. It was really sad that his family is just trapped in Jerusalem. ====

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Chapter31.Roses
====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">She got a taxi at Washington national airport and the driver had the same hat with hers. Even, the place that they got those hats were same, Peshawar, Pakistan. During the drive, the driver asked her how many rose bushes she has. She said that she has seven rose bushes, on the other hand, the driver said that he has eighty rose bushes. Even, he has more than four-hundred in Pakistan. She thought growing rose bushes as a work but he was different. He said “it is not work, it is beauty”. After his talking about that, she became aware of her roses and her yard much deeply. ====

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Chapter32. Backseat
====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The author has two aunties. They all did not have a child and therefore, they really loved the author’s son. They were quite close as they used to hang out together. However, aunties passed away as they were old enough and it was quite difficult to say their death to the writer’s son. She explained their death when she brought her son to aunties’ grave and said about “heaven”. After visiting there, they went to the industries warehouse and when they were taking off to the car, the small white paper blew away and they couldn’t chase it. However, when they got back to the car, that paper was in the backseat. It seems to two aunties were still there. ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Recently, I met Leona Pallansch, who is an associate professor in the Department of Political Science and we talked about our name and its origins. Her first name is Leona which comes from her grandmother on her father’s side, Leoni. Leona said that the name might be originated in France because “lionne” means lion in French. Also, Leona’s blond, curly hair looks like a lion. Her parents chose that name for her since her older sister’s name, Clair, was her grandmother’s name on her mother’s side. I thought Leona’s parents are quite the devoted son and daughter as they remind their mom when they see their daughters. ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Leona has a very unusual last name, Pallansch, and it is from her family, not from her husband’s since she did not change her last name after their marriage. The interesting thing we talked about is that she wants to put her last name together with her children’s. There is no special meaning for her last name and it comes from the Alsace-Lorrain region which was the debatable land between France and Germany. In the 1830s, two brothers of Pallansch Family came to Minnesota from the Alsace-Lorrain and had lived in the states. Most people whose last name is Pallansch are descendants of them. At first, the pronunciation of Pallansch was in German and not the same as it is now. However, the Pallansch Family changed the way they are called since the defeat of Germany after World War I. ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Leona really loves her name because it is unusual and different. She is the one and only person who has the name, Leona Pallansch, in the world. Therefore, Leona would not change her name even if she is given a choice. I felt same as Leona as with my Korean name, Yejina, which is also unusual. I always feel thankful to my father since he gave me a special name which is difficult to forget. It was a valuable time that I learned many things about Leona’s American name. ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">In the summer of 2010, I joined a Global internship program, Kuliah Kerja Profesi, held by Sanata Dharma University with nine other students of Sogang Business School. This program’s purpose is to understand and acquire information of the global market and learn how to perform well in foreign cultures. Moreover, it is for improving the status of Korea by providing community service. It was done in Yogyakarta, Indonesia which is known as a center of traditional Javanese art and culture such as batik. I worked at a small-sized company in Giriloyo. Usually, I worked on weekdays and traveled on weekends and I also volunteered at community events. ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Before I got to Yogyakarta, I stopped by Jakarta first. The weather there was too humid, unlike the humidity levels in Korea. However, I had a comfortable time there since two of our members were actually from Jakarta. They knew everything and their parents also helped us with transportation and accommodations. We went to the shopping malls and ate Indonesian foods such as Nasi Goreng (fried rice) and Mie Goreng (fried noodle) with The-botol (tea-bottle). All of those Indonesian foods and drinks were really refreshing and new as it was the first time that I had been in Indonesia. It was so delicious that I still miss those foods. ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Two days passed and I left for Yogyakarta. Some of the professors of Sanata Dharma University welcomed us and after we had an opening ceremony, we dispersed to our individual homes. Unlike Jakarta, manufacturing is done within each home rather than in companies. I stayed at a normal Indonesian house in the countryside for about three weeks with my friends Jeong-min, who was one of the Korean members and Aji, Anjar, Candra, who were local students of Sanata Dharma. They were all kind and very helpful to me in communicating with the local people. I learned some simple Indonesia and Javanese phrases with their help. In addition to expanding my cultural knowledge, we also became aware of the cultural differences between us. The biggest cultural difference was religion of the Indonesian people. Most Indonesians are Muslim and they pray five times a day. It was because of this that at first, I used to wake up at dawn due to the whole town praying together. It was quite strange as it was the first time that I had been with that many Muslims but I adjusted little by little. ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The company that I was assigned to, produced batik, which is a traditional cloth that uses a manual wax-resist dying technique. All of the batik is produced by hand in the home. Their batik was so beautiful but unfortunately, they had difficulties in selling since the promotion methods, strategies and managing inventories that they used were lacking. Therefore, we helped them with bookkeeping, making posters, web brochures, banners and name cards. The president of the company was so grateful, he told us, “You guys helped me a lot. Thank you.” ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Sometimes, I visited the kindergarten or elementary school there. I, along with the other students, taught them math and simple English. We also had some events for the children such as games and quiz shows. Though I cannot speak the Indonesian language, I had a great time with those children. ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">On the weekends, I traveled to some historical sites in Yogyakarta. One of them was an ancient Javanese temple, Borobudur. Borobudur is a large and mysterious monument decorated with 2,672 relief panels and 504 Buddha statues. The highest point of the monument is 115 feet. I was curious at how those statues can stand on such high points. Despite the historical and beautiful characteristics of the statues, the sad thing was that some of Buddha statues were damaged in that they did not have a face. ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Throughout this experience, even though I had sometimes missed Korea, I will not forget my life in Indonesia. It brought me a lot of good friends, beautiful scenery of the land and culture, and valuable memories that I will always cherish. ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">About one month passed since I’ve stayed in the States. One month is not a long time, but I found many differences between American and Korean college students. The biggest difference that I felt is the American students’ independence. In addition, they volunteer a lot in their life. It was really interesting since these are also related to values and culture. ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Most of my American friends that I met at St. Mary’s University work in their free time. No matter what the job is, they work and earn money by themselves. For example, Aicyd, one of my friends, works at China Garden during every weekend. She never complains about that. She said “It is natural here. Everyone does it. I work because I spend a lot. When I was a high school student, I used to ask allowance of my mom, but I can’t ask anymore.” My tutor Alison also said, “It is weird that getting whole allowance from my parents. It is time to be independent.” ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Actually, I was so surprised about this because it was totally different from Korea. Korean college students also work part-time jobs but that is only for those who have monetary problems due to their bad situation or who just want extra money. In my case, I tutored middle school students and high school students during my summer and winter vacation and all of those were done in short term for getting something expensive for myself. The only one part-time job I did was as a telemarketer in my school for six months. The reason I chose that was because it was really easy and paid more compared to other jobs. Furthermore, it was a secret from my parents because I was worried that my parents would stop giving me allowance. Moreover, they do not want me to work in my free time. They prefer me to focus on my studies. ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">My case cannot represent all of Korean students’ monetary life, however, there is a difference in their attitude. American students really value independence, even though they are still students. On the other hand, most Korean students think monetary independence comes after graduating university. I do not want to blame Korean students’ minds, but I felt a little bit shame for that. ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The second difference between American students and Korean students is the volunteer work. I was amazed at community events here in St. Mary’s University as I rarely joined volunteer events during my usual days in Korea. In Korea, there is not that much of volunteering events which are held by school. Moreover, many Korean students make the excuse that they have no time to volunteer and so I did as well. I always felt pressured to get good grades and experience a lot of other things which will help me to get a job what I want. I did not care about others who need help. ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">However, I have stayed here for a month and there were two community events already. Some students participate in these events for their résumé or transcript but a lot of students also join willingly. I also asked my tutor Alison about this, and she said, “Usually, Americans start to volunteer when they are middle school students. At first, it is done unwillingly but as time goes by, everyone thinks it is natural to give back to the community. That is why there are a lot of community events held by colleges.” ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">After writing this essay, I decided to get a part-time job when I go back to Korea, which will help me to stand on my feet. Furthermore, it made me decide to join community services as much as I can during my exchange student program in here. With this, I already went to Habitat for Humanity a week before last Saturday and it was really worthwhile. ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">1. Process analysis breaks a process down into logical steps. In the text, the author gives an example: in putting the bicycle together, it is necessary to construct the entire handlebar unit before attaching it to the frame of the bike ==== ====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">2. There are directive process analysis and informative process analysis. A directive process analysis tells readers how to do something, while an informative process analysis explains a phenomenon. ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Fiji brand water made an advertisement which put the quality of tap water down to increase their sales of bottled water. However, the city of Cleveland did some tests and the result was interesting. A glass of Fiji water’s quality is lower than Cleveland tap water. It was less sustainable and less tasty. ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">These days, however, only a few people drink tap water and most people drink bottled water. We can find bottled water anywhere. Then how did many bottled water companies got success? It was by their manufacturing demand. Their advertisement of bottled water included that tap water is unsuitable to drink. They said tap water is for washing dish, not for drinking. Therefore, they have seduced and misled the whole people of United States. ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Not only bottled water is less tasty and less sustainable, but also less environmental friendly. Plastic bottles which were used to store bottled water, goes someone else’s backyard. It is not been recycled, but been downcycled! You have to know that all of the bottled water companies are responsible for environment. ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">There is no reason to drink bottled water anymore. It is time to back to the tap water, which is much clean and safe. It can be solved by investing in public water infrastructures, installing drinking fountains and doing boycott for battled water. It is the way to prevent pollution. ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">As girls grow up, their interest in beauty products also grows. Some girls even start putting on makeup in elementary school. The reason they put on makeup is that they are worried about how they look. Everyone wants to look pretty and as best they can. In my case, I rarely go out without putting on makeup because I do not like my untouched face. When I was late for school one day and did not have time to do my makeup, my friend said, “You seem sick. What happened to you?” My answer was “Oh my god, I just didn’t put makeup on. That’s all.” I think my untouched face is the worst as I cannot hide my acne and my eyes seem small and lifeless. ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">First of all, you have to clearly wash your face. A clear and smooth face is essential for putting on makeup. After cleansing, dry your face and then apply toner with a cotton pad. The reason for using toner is that it helps you balance the pH levels of the skin and to remove residual dirt. After a few minutes, apply lotion and cream step by step. Using moisturizer is good for your skin and for relieving irritation. Moreover, many experts suggest using eye-cream to prevent eye wrinkles starting in your mid-twenties. The last step of basic skincare is wearing sunscreen for protecting against the sun’s ultraviolet rays. You have to wait a few minutes after applying each one so that it can be absorbed into your skin. ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The next step is face makeup. This step is for correcting your skin tone. Apply a primer to smooth out your skin. After that, use a makeup base and then apply a foundation to your skin. I usually use a sponge or a brush when I wear foundation on my face. Choosing the right foundation tone that matches your skin is really important for a natural look. Not only that but also applying makeup all the way down to your throat area is critical. After that, apply concealer for hiding any blemishes like pimples or acne scars. You can conceal wherever you want as much as possible and then put on a powder over your face using a sponge or brush. If you highlight and shade your cheek bones, brow bones, and chin, your face will seem much smaller and more lively. Moreover, many girls use blush on their cheekbones but you have to be careful not to add too much. ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The last step, applying eye and lip makeup, is the key point. I think this step is the most important as it gives a lot of effect to your face such as bigger eyes. Use an eyebrow pencil to apply it. I think the color of your eyebrow which is close to your hair color looks the most natural. Put on two or three similar colors of the eye-shadow on your eyes. Apply the lighter one first and then spread it. As you go closer to the eyelid, it has to be light to dark. Line your eyes with a black, khaki or brown eye-liner. The color that matches with your hair seems the most natural. Choose the most comfortable type of eye-liner. You have an option of using gels, pencils and liquid pens. Fill the inner eye to look natural. After that, apply mascara on your eyelashes. Use an eyelash curler before or after you wearing mascara. Your eyes will look much bigger with your eye-liner and curled eyelashes. Lastly, apply lip-tint, lip gloss or lipstick to your lips. ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">With a prettier face, you can be much more confident. Even though it is annoying that you have to fix your face often during the day such as adding lip gloss or erasing spread eye-liner, you will be satisfied with your face more than before. ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">A movie can be classified different ways. It can be categorized by its format such as a play, documentary, and musical. Sometimes a movie is classified by the technology used to make it like silent films, sound films, and animation. The most common way to classify a movie is by genre. There are many kinds of movie genres. Typically, there are action, crime, comedy, romance, drama, thriller, science fiction, fantasy and so on. Each genre has specific characteristics and usually includes two or more genres at the same time. For example, 500 Days of Summer is considered a drama, comedy and romance film. ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The most well known action film heroes and heroines are Jackie Chan, Bruce Willis and Sarah Connor. In action films, there is always a hero or heroine who tries to overcome evil and finally wins. Action films include physical moves for battles, fights, or escapes. Therefore, there are many stuntmen and the actor or actress may be required to learn martial arts. Many action films can include the characteristics of adventure films or factors of crime. Sometimes action films also contain science fiction factors such as Terminator did. ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Comedy films are made for audiences’ laughter by making fun of situations or people. It usually exaggerates the situation, action, characters and the language. They make us laugh by dramatizing trivial, daily events. Sometimes, comedy films are made for expressing sarcasm. It is called a black comedy and it is a bitter take on society. For example, The Simpsons Movie is really popular with children and adults because it is not just a simple comedy film. It jokingly shows many social and political problems by sarcasm. ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Romantic films cannot be excluded when we talk about movies. There are always couples even in action films. These films’ main plots focus on love stories which are romantic and heartwarming. In the journey of the couple, they sometimes face conflicts or difficulties but usually become happy with each other in the end. Romance films share some features with drama and comedy films. For instance, the romantic comedy is one of the most common genre these days. ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Thriller films are one of the most popular genres. Usually, thriller films come out in the summer to cool us down from the heat because when we get the chills, our body temperature temporarily goes down. Thrillers are often in combination with other genres such as action thrillers, crime thrillers, and even romantic comedy thrillers. The main plot is about ghosts, curses or supernatural phenomena. Alfred Hitchcock is the most famous film director of the thriller genre. ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Fantasy films and science fiction films are quite similar. However, fantasy films are not based on scientific truth. The events in fantasy films are not likely to happen in real life. The main factors used are magic, wizards, mythology or the supernatural. The story is really creative and therefore fantasy films are loved by many children and adults. Usually, there is a dominant hero in fantasy films. He overcomes many experiences with his incredible ability. Among fantasy films, I like the Harry Potter series the best. ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Science fiction films are scientific, and imaginative. It is not real but based on science as it uses advanced technology or developments and special effects. Many science fiction films are about space or the future. These films usually describe the potential dangers of technology in terms of destroying humankind. Popular films are the Star Wars series, Alien, Blade Runner, and The Matrix. ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Though there are many other genres of movie, these are the typical types of genre. We can indirectly experience a lot of things or know each others’ feelings by watching movie. We laugh, cry, and are moved by the story the movie shows. As we usually spend our free time watching movies, knowing which movie genre that you like the most will make you enjoy movie much more than before. ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">I have wanted to study abroad since I was in kindergarten for no particular reason. At that time, I just wanted to go abroad because it seemed cool to study in another country. My wish, studying abroad, motivated me to study hard in middle school and high school. In particular, I have loved to study English as it is the essential for living and studying abroad. Finally, I got a chance to study in America for about two month, when I was a middle school student and now I am studying at St. Mary’s University as a college student. It is really amazing to study abroad because I can broaden my experiences, learn other languages and improve myself professionally. ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">First of all, studying abroad broadens my experiences a lot. There are many things to learn not only academically but also a lot of differences of culture and lifestyles. I learn how people in other countries think and how they live. I can meet many friends who have different nationalities, lifestyles, backgrounds and cultures. Becoming friends with them also means that I can learn about their culture. It is really helpful to expand my perspectives of others and dispel any stereotypes I had before. Not only that but also, I can travel many different cities and country when I study abroad. For example, I went to New York City, Boston and Washington D.C. in my spring break by myself. I was so excited that I experienced many things such as seeing the nightscape of New York City at the top of the Empire State Building, feeling the atmosphere of the Wall Street, visiting Harvard University and being a friend with foreign people who I met during the travel. Traveling in another country makes me independently and allows me to think more broadly. ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Secondly, I can learn other languages which are not my mother tongue when I study in another country. Of course, I can study other languages in my country but there are limitations in aspects of pronunciation, intonation, and words that native speakers really speak and use. My English skills have been very unbalanced because most of my studying was focused on reading and listening rather than speaking and writing. I am having quite a difficult time getting used to native pronunciation and intonation but it is much better and easier in the United States than in Korea. Now, not only I take classes in English but also live and talk with American people here and learn English naturally. ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Lastly, I can improve myself professionally. Studying abroad not only means that I studied in another country but also means that I am a global-minded person as I am familiar with multi-cultural experiences and skills from my education. It also means that I am a hard-working and challenging person that I made efforts to adapt to the completely new world. Moreover, I can speak more than one language as I mentioned before. This is a really valuable skill because there are not many people who can communicate in other languages fluently although there are many people who can read or write the language. Since it would be really appealing to companies that need an internationally experienced person, the fact that I studied abroad would be very impressive and make me more valuable at work. ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">For these reasons, I still want to study abroad even though I am an exchange student in the United States now. I think that only one semester in America is not enough to improve my English skills and know other cultures. It is also not enough to be competitive in the professional market either. I can improve myself a lot academically and also independently as I live by myself. Therefore, I am planning to stay one more semester as an intern in American company in Washington D.C. and apply to graduate school in the U.S. after completing my undergraduate degree in Korea. My wish now remains to continue studying abroad as much as possible while I still can. ====

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Culture and Language
====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Culture is everything about people. Values, ethics, religion, languages, food, sports, and art show what culture is. It includes aspects that we do not know about and how much value it has. Every country and state has a unique culture and, even more so, every city also has its own. Not only by region, but also every organization and group differ from each other. Moreover, these cultures become diversified as time goes by. Especially, I want to define culture in terms of language as it is fully related to the culture. ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Generally, we think of culture by country as it is the easiest way to define it and what it is most related to. For instance, cultures of East-Asian countries such as Korea, China and Japan are based on Confucianism. They value moral order, humanity and virtue. They emphasize the manners of young people towards older people and, therefore, there is the honorific form of language in Korea and Japan. Their honorific language is completely different from the American or Western countries’ honorific expression such as “sir”. For example, the younger person adds a specific honorific such as “sama” to the end of an elder’s name when they speak to them in Japanese. Because of their values and ethics, East-Asian countries’ language has developed in their own way, emphasizing manners for elders. In other words, each countries language represents the value of its culture. ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Language not only shows us its ethics or values but also the way people live and think. Moreover, it reflects their background and environment. Because every culture is maintained through its language, language is the culture itself. Therefore, we can see through the words people use that language is the biggest part of culture as it is reflected in every part of it. For example, there are more than a hundred words that represent “snow” in Eskimo and also Australian has a lot of words for describing “sand”. It shows that we can learn culture through language. ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Language is not only different by country or region but also by generation. Some people argue that words and terms that younger people use are destroying their language and, even worse, their linguistic habits. However, with the developing of communication methods such as the internet, text messaging and social networking services, their own language is constantly changing and shows the way they talk. Different from before, younger people spend most of their time with a computer rather than meeting face to face. Hence, they feel some limitation in expressing emotion and use emoticons and some new words such as lol (laughing out loud). Moreover, they use some abbreviations such as JK (just kidding), and IDK (I don’t know) to shorten the length of a sentence and reduce typing time. This is also found in the Korean language and is now part of this generation’s culture as it shows their characteristics. ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">In conclusion, language is deeply related to culture as it reflects every part of how people think and live. The ethics and values that each culture emphasizes are reflected in its language. The weather and environment could also be seen in a culture’s language. Also, it represents each generation’s culture as I mentioned above. Therefore, learning other languages could be very interesting as we can learn about other cultures. ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">“The Story of the Good Little Boy” written by Mark Twain describes a good little boy, named Jacob Blivens who never did anything wrong which made him different from the other boys. All of the other boys tried to understand why Jacob was always good but they always failed. In their eyes, he was just weird. The only conclusion they came to was that he was “afflicted”. ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The biggest pleasure and motivation for Jacob was Sunday-school books. In those books, there were always good little boys and all of them had a good time because of their good behaviors. However, every last scene of the story was a good little boy’s funeral with all many people mourning their loss. In any case, Jacob believed in them. Jacob really wanted to be put in a Sunday-school book and that wish made him want to be a good boy. He wished to be honored like them and that the Sunday-school books were his authority. ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Therefore, the good little boy, Jacob, was always kind and nice to all. He always obeyed to his parents despite that they were absurd at times. Moreover, he always tried to correct the other bad boys’ behaviors and wrong deeds. However, the result was not good for Jacob. Everything turned out badly for him. All the things that happened to him were completely different than what he expected. For example, his arm was broken because of a bad little boy who stole apples and fell on him. Furthermore, Jacob died trying to rescue some dogs from being tortured but ended up dying from the building explosion. In the end, his good behavior was never rewarded. ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">When Mark Twain was writing in the late nineteenth century Catholicism held many different implications than it does today. Catholics then believed that any sin was immediately punished and that every good deed was equally rewarded. Jacob Blivens too thought that if he was good no unfortunate event would befall him. However, Jacob’s good behavior was never rewarded. Essentially, he had been performing good deeds not because he was good but because he wanted to be rewarded. Reading Sunday-school books had made Jacob want to get people’s attention in order that they may see what he did. ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The best reward that I got because of my good behavior is that I visited to the United States when I was in seventh grade. I studied English very hard at that time even though many of my friends did not like to do. There was no reason but I just liked to study English. I think I was really excited that I was learning other language. Studying was not for rewards but as a result, I got a chance to go to the United States for my summer vacation by the help of local education authority. It was valuable experience as I met nice host family, teachers, and many friends in America. Thorough that time, I expanded my view and it helped me to study much harder than before. It is one of the motivations that made me to decide being an exchange student. For these reasons, I think this is the best present that I received. ====

====<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Sometimes I wonder if all the things that I have learned in classes would be really beneficial or useful in my life. For example, some difficult equations in calculus class made me frustrated and I thought that it is no use at all. Then, why do we have to study all of these things? However, despite all the knowledge that I have learned are not directly used in life, it helps me to think much broader. With the help of those, I think different from others as my background knowledge is not same with them. It is really good to develop myself. Therefore, I always try hard to get as much as I can in every classes. ====

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Yejina Kim <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">EN1313 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Kalpana M. Iyengar <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">5/8/12 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Socio-Cultural Learning in Slumdog Millionaire <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Socio-cultural learning is the term related to social cognitive theory. It is emphasized in teaching, and learning. Socio-cultural learning is not artificial. This theory points out that knowledge is naturally obtained during social interactions, for example, by experiencing another culture or by observing other cultures by traveling. The concept seems difficult but actually it is really simple. It is obvious that you have specific knowledge which cannot be explained how you obtained it. This is because people unconsciously acquire information in their daily life. Moreover, it depends on each person’s cultural environment.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">//Slumdog Millionaire// is a movie where you can find several examples of socio-cultural learning. In the movie, Jamal Malik is accused of cheating in the quiz show. The host of the quiz show and the police were suspicious of how Jamal who grew up in the slums of Mumbai answered every question correctly. The reason that Jamal knew the answers is not because he cheated, was just lucky, or that he is a genius. It was possible because all of questions in the quiz show were about parts of Jamal’s life. Even though he grew up in poor and ghetto places and did not have any high level of education, he learned from his own experiences and environments. This self-obtained knowledge from his life with his will of finding Latika made Jamal win the quiz show so that he could earn twenty million rupees. This was not a fake or pure luck.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">For example, the second question was what is in God Rama’s right hand. Despite this was being the second question, people did not expect that Jamal to have a correct answer. However, Jamal got the answer because he has known the figure of God Rama. Jamal saw it with a bow and arrow in the right hand when he was running away from being mobbed. It was not an expected result as no one knows what would be the question and who else has the same experience. During the movie, an inconvenient truth was that most of Jamal’s knowledge was from his bad memories. For instance, some of the answers were obtained when Jamal was slapped by a teacher, when he lost his mother, and when he ran away from the orphanage.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">Jamal kept getting correct answers and the host of the show was becoming furious. He did not want to believe that Jamal was doing well by himself. Even the quiz show host tried to give Jamal the wrong answer. However, Jamal passed all the questions and when only one question was left, the host brought police officers to arrest Jamal. Many people of high social status did not want to accept the situation since a person from a lower class gets an opportunity of being a millionaire. It was quite interesting that the rich did not accept a lower class people’s success. Even more so, the quiz show host was also sarcastic against Jamal because of his lower class.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt;">This movie showed the rich’s arrogance and ignorance about low class people. Although the reason that Jamal went to the quiz show was just for finding Latika, he became an inspiration for the low classes as they suffer from religious strife every day and cannot live a normal life. Even though Jamal never had a higher education, he became a winner because he attained a lot of knowledge during his life. He remembered every moment and recalled those at the quiz show. Not only the fact that Jamal overcame all his obstacles to meet Latika at last, but looking back at the story with consideration of “Socio-cultural learning” was also very exciting. It seems that not only knowledge from formal education but also everything that people hear, see, and experience is about learning. Because of socio-cultural learning, every person unconsciously acquires knowledge from this own experiences. Anyone can be like Jamal.